Born on this day in Grantham, England, Margaret Hilda Thatcher (1925–2013) began as a research chemist, later qualifying as a barrister in tax law. Leading the Conservative Party, she became Great Britain’s first woman Prime Minister in 1979 and served through 1990.

Nicknamed the “Iron Lady,” Thatcher was known for conviction politics and a forthright style. Supporters praised her for curbing inflation, advancing privatization, and reforming taxes; critics questioned the social costs. History continues to weigh both achievement and impact.

“If you want anything said, ask a man. If you want anything done, ask a woman,” she declared with characteristic wit. Her approach to leadership emphasized effort and responsibility: “I do not know anyone who has got to the top without hard work… it may not always get you there, but it will get you close.”

Across global affairs she remained a consequential figure, forging a close partnership with Ronald Reagan and engaging firmly with European and Cold War politics. Whether praised or challenged, her tenure reshaped debates on government, markets, and the role of the state.