Born on this day in Allahabad, statesman, lawyer, and freedom fighter Jawaharlal Nehru (1889–1964) became the first prime minister of independent India. Working alongside mentor Mahatma Gandhi, he helped lead the nation out of 200 years of British rule and toward the promise of self-governance.

“Do not advise too much: do the job yourself,” he taught. “This is the only advice you can give to others. Do it and others will follow.”

Imprisoned for civil disobedience and a catalyst for independence, Nehru helped shape the foundation of his country’s modern government. Known affectionately as Pandit, or “teacher,” he was a charismatic leader who guided the nation from 1947 until his death.

An excellent orator and writer, he dreamed of building a “noble mansion of freedom” with an open society and economy. He celebrated the world’s everyday wonders, once writing: “We live in a wonderful world that is full of beauty, charm, and adventure. There is no end to the adventures we can have if only we seek them with our eyes open.”